OpenAI
GPT release dates and model history
Latest GPT model: GPT-6.1 Terra, released October 26, 2026. Next: GPT-6.1 Astra, rumored. Every GPT release date with sources, checked every 5 minutes.
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OpenAI started small in 2018 with GPT-1, just to see if a machine could learn to write on its own. A year later GPT-2 already wrote too well, so the lab released it in stages. In 2020, GPT-3 put that in everyone's hands. GPT-4 added images in 2023. GPT-5 came in 2025, then GPT-6 Astra on 3 September 2026, today's flagship. GPT-6 Sol and Luna followed on 22 September, and GPT-6.1 Sol on 29 September, at DevDay.
Release history
Dates come from the cited sources. A catalog listing date can differ from the first public release. Dates below use UTC.
GPT-6.1 Terra
GPT-6.1 Terra is the mid-tier model in OpenAI's GPT-6.1 series, priced below GPT-6.1 Sol. It is suited for everyday agentic, coding, and writing work, is particularly strong at understanding screenshots...
@OpenAI · XGPT-6.1 Sol
GPT-6.1 Sol is an upgrade to GPT-6 Sol from OpenAI, positioned below the flagship GPT-6 Astra in the GPT-6 series. It is suited for agentic coding, computer use, document-heavy professional...
OpenAI · GPT-6.1 SolGPT-6 Sol
GPT-6 Sol is the cost-efficient high-end model in OpenAI's GPT-6 series, positioned below the flagship GPT-6 Astra and above the fast GPT-6 Luna tier. It is suited for demanding professional...
OpenAI · GPT-6 Sol & LunaGPT-6 Luna
GPT-6 Luna is the fast, cost-efficient model in OpenAI's GPT-6 series, positioned below GPT-6 Sol. It is suited for high-volume and latency-sensitive workloads such as chat, classification, and lightweight agentic...
OpenAI · GPT-6 Sol & LunaGPT-6 Astra
GPT-6 Astra is OpenAI's flagship model for demanding end-to-end work. It is suited for advanced analysis, software engineering, deep research, scientific work, and document creation, with particular strengths in long-horizon...
OpenAI · GPT-6 AstraGPT-5.6 Luna
GPT-5.6 Luna is a fast, cost-efficient model in OpenAI's GPT-5.6 series. It is suited for high-volume, latency-sensitive tasks such as chat, classification, and lightweight agentic workflows, providing capable reasoning for...
OpenAI · GPT-5.6GPT-5.6 Terra
GPT-5.6 Terra is a balanced model in OpenAI's GPT-5.6 series, positioned between the flagship Sol tier and the cost-efficient Luna tier. It is suited for everyday coding, reasoning, and agentic...
OpenAI · GPT-5.6GPT-5.6 Sol
GPT-5.6 Sol is the flagship model in OpenAI's GPT-5.6 series. It is suited for complex reasoning, coding, and agentic workflows, and is particularly strong at command-line and multi-step coding tasks...
OpenAI · GPT-5.6GPT-5.5 Pro
GPT-5.5 Pro is OpenAI’s high-capability model optimized for deep reasoning and accuracy on complex, high-stakes workloads. It features a 1M+ token context window (922K input, 128K output) with support for...
OpenRouter catalogueGPT-5.5
GPT-5.5 is OpenAI’s frontier model designed for complex professional workloads, building on GPT-5.4 with stronger reasoning, higher reliability, and improved token efficiency on hard tasks. It features a 1M+ token...
OpenAI · GPT-5.5GPT-5.4 Nano
GPT-5.4 nano is the most lightweight and cost-efficient variant of the GPT-5.4 family, optimized for speed-critical and high-volume tasks. It supports text and image inputs and is designed for low-latency...
OpenAI · GPT-5.4 mini and nanoGPT-5.4 Mini
GPT-5.4 mini brings the core capabilities of GPT-5.4 to a faster, more efficient model optimized for high-throughput workloads. It supports text and image inputs with strong performance across reasoning, coding,...
OpenAI · GPT-5.4 mini and nanoGPT-5.4
GPT-5.4 is OpenAI’s latest frontier model, unifying the Codex and GPT lines into a single system. It features a 1M+ token context window (922K input, 128K output) with support for...
OpenAI · GPT-5.4GPT-5.3-Codex
GPT-5.3-Codex is OpenAI’s most advanced agentic coding model, combining the frontier software engineering performance of GPT-5.2-Codex with the broader reasoning and professional knowledge capabilities of GPT-5.2. It achieves state-of-the-art results...
OpenAI · GPT-5.3-CodexGPT-5.2-Codex
GPT-5.2-Codex is an upgraded version of GPT-5.1-Codex optimized for software engineering and coding workflows. It is designed for both interactive development sessions and long, independent execution of complex engineering tasks....
OpenAI · GPT-5.2-CodexGPT-5.2 Chat
GPT-5.2 Chat (AKA Instant) is the fast, lightweight member of the 5.2 family, optimized for low-latency chat while retaining strong general intelligence. It uses adaptive reasoning to selectively “think” on...
OpenAI · GPT-5.2GPT-5.2
GPT-5.2 is the latest frontier-grade model in the GPT-5 series, offering stronger agentic and long context perfomance compared to GPT-5.1. It uses adaptive reasoning to allocate computation dynamically, responding quickly...
OpenAI · GPT-5.2GPT-5.1-Codex-Max
GPT-5.1-Codex-Max is OpenAI’s latest agentic coding model, designed for long-running, high-context software development tasks. It is based on an updated version of the 5.1 reasoning stack and trained on agentic...
OpenAI · GPT-5.1-Codex-MaxGPT-5.1-Codex
GPT-5.1-Codex is a specialized version of GPT-5.1 optimized for software engineering and coding workflows. It is designed for both interactive development sessions and long, independent execution of complex engineering tasks....
OpenAI · GPT-5.1 for developersGPT-5.1
GPT-5.1 is the latest frontier-grade model in the GPT-5 series, offering stronger general-purpose reasoning, improved instruction adherence, and a more natural conversational style compared to GPT-5. It uses adaptive reasoning...
OpenAI · GPT-5.1gpt-oss-safeguard-20b
gpt-oss-safeguard-20b is a safety reasoning model from OpenAI built upon gpt-oss-20b. This open-weight, 21B-parameter Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model offers lower latency for safety tasks like content classification, LLM filtering, and trust...
OpenAI · gpt-oss-safeguardGPT-5 Pro
GPT-5 Pro is OpenAI’s most advanced model, offering major improvements in reasoning, code quality, and user experience. It is optimized for complex tasks that require step-by-step reasoning, instruction following, and...
OpenRouter catalogueGPT-5
GPT-5 is OpenAI’s most advanced model, offering major improvements in reasoning, code quality, and user experience. It is optimized for complex tasks that require step-by-step reasoning, instruction following, and accuracy...
OpenAI · GPT-5 for developersgpt-oss-120b
gpt-oss-120b is an open-weight, 117B-parameter Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language model from OpenAI designed for high-reasoning, agentic, and general-purpose production use cases. It activates 5.1B parameters per forward pass and is optimized...
OpenAI · gpt-ossgpt-oss-20b
gpt-oss-20b is an open-weight 21B parameter model released by OpenAI under the Apache 2.0 license. It uses a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture with 3.6B active parameters per forward pass, optimized for...
OpenAI · gpt-ossGPT-4.1
GPT-4.1 is a flagship large language model optimized for advanced instruction following, real-world software engineering, and long-context reasoning. It supports a 1 million token context window and outperforms GPT-4o and...
OpenAI · GPT-4.1 in the APIGPT-4o (2024-11-20)
The 2024-11-20 version of GPT-4o offers a leveled-up creative writing ability with more natural, engaging, and tailored writing to improve relevance & readability. It’s also better at working with uploaded...
OpenRouter catalogueGPT-4o (2024-08-06)
The 2024-08-06 version of GPT-4o offers improved performance in structured outputs, with the ability to supply a JSON schema in the respone_format. Read more here.
OpenAI · Structured Outputs in the APIGPT-4o-mini
GPT-4o mini is OpenAI's newest model after GPT-4 Omni, supporting both text and image inputs with text outputs. As their most advanced small model, it is many multiples more affordable...
OpenAI · GPT-4o miniGPT-4o-mini (2024-07-18)
GPT-4o mini is OpenAI's newest model after GPT-4 Omni, supporting both text and image inputs with text outputs. As their most advanced small model, it is many multiples more affordable...
OpenAI · GPT-4o miniGPT-4o
GPT-4o ("o" for "omni") is OpenAI's latest AI model, supporting both text and image inputs with text outputs. It maintains the intelligence level of GPT-4 Turbo while being twice as...
OpenAI · Hello GPT-4oGPT-4o (2024-05-13)
GPT-4o ("o" for "omni") is OpenAI's latest AI model, supporting both text and image inputs with text outputs. It maintains the intelligence level of GPT-4 Turbo while being twice as...
OpenAI · Hello GPT-4oGPT-4 Turbo
The latest GPT-4 Turbo model with vision capabilities. Vision requests can now use JSON mode and function calling.
OpenRouter catalogueGPT-3.5 Turbo Instruct
This model is a variant of GPT-3.5 Turbo tuned for instructional prompts and omitting chat-related optimizations. Training data: up to Sep 2021.
OpenRouter catalogueGPT-3.5 Turbo (older v0613)
GPT-3.5 Turbo is OpenAI's fastest model. It can understand and generate natural language or code, and is optimized for chat and traditional completion tasks.
OpenAI · Function calling and API updatesGPT-3.5 Turbo 16k
This model offers four times the context length of gpt-3.5-turbo, allowing it to support approximately 20 pages of text in a single request at a higher cost. Training data: up...
OpenAI · Function calling and API updatesGPT-4
OpenAI's flagship model, GPT-4 is a large-scale multimodal language model capable of solving difficult problems with greater accuracy than previous models due to its broader general knowledge and advanced reasoning...
OpenAI · GPT-4GPT-3.5 Turbo
GPT-3.5 Turbo is OpenAI's fastest model. It can understand and generate natural language or code, and is optimized for chat and traditional completion tasks.
OpenAI · ChatGPT and Whisper APIsGPT-3
In May 2020, GPT-3 turned few-shot prompting into a product. Public date from the family biography or the public catalogue; a listing date is not always the release day.
arXiv · Language Models are Few-Shot LearnersGPT-2
GPT-2 followed in February 2019, released in stages because the lab judged the text too convincing. The full 1.5B model came in November 2019. Public date from the family biography or the public catalogue; a listing date is not always the release day.
OpenAI · GPT-2 paperGPT-1
OpenAI opened the line with GPT-1, a transformer trained to show that generative pre-training worked. First paper on that idea. Public date from the family biography or the public catalogue; a listing date is not always the release day.
OpenAI · GPT-1 paper
Questions about GPT
- What is the latest GPT model?
- GPT-6.1 Terra, released on October 26, 2026.
- What is the next GPT model?
- GPT-6.1 Astra, a rumor for now.
- How often does OpenAI release a new GPT model?
- About every 29 days over the last 12 months (median gap between releases).
Sources and references
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